Dharma
Ethical responsibility, sustaining order, right conduct, and duties shaped by context and stage of life.
Hindu philosophy
Core Beliefs and Concepts in Hinduism
Hindu traditions share a broad vocabulary while offering multiple philosophical interpretations. A concept may be understood differently across Vedanta, Yoga, Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakta, Smarta, and regional traditions.
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Core concepts
Karma
Actions and intentions have consequences that shape character, circumstances, and spiritual growth.
Samsara
The continuing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth described in many Hindu philosophies.
Moksha
Liberation from ignorance and samsara, understood through different philosophical traditions.
Atman and Brahman
Teachings about self and ultimate reality range from identity to qualified unity to enduring distinction.
Ahimsa
Non-harm and compassion applied to thought, speech, action, food, society, and the natural world.
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Paths and practices
Bhakti Yoga
Loving devotion expressed through prayer, worship, song, pilgrimage, and remembrance.
Jnana Yoga
Inquiry, study, discernment, and knowledge directed toward spiritual freedom.
Karma Yoga
Selfless action performed without attachment to personal reward.
Raja Yoga
Disciplined meditation and ethical practice associated with stilling the mind.